Globalization and Its Effects on the Worldwide Oil Drilling Operations

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With the opening of the worldwide markets as a result of the globalization, the world has never remained the same when it comes to the international trade and the relationship between the different nations. Indeed globalization has made the worldwide trade to be conducted on one single platform, which has to be very well endowed to the painful efforts taken by the world leaders.

Today the world has become a single window, with the export and import to most of the nations possible. Big companies have very well acquired the multinational status, after the advent of the globalization. The companies started to make the presence in almost all the nooks and corners of the world and this led to the setting up of the several branches of a company. For large gas and oil drilling companies, the same thing has occurred and it was seen that the oil majors started to acquire the drilling and mining rights, in countries throughout the world.

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Oil drilling had its roots centuries back and at that point of time it was restricted only to some countries. With globalization most of the countries started to get the best and latest technology required for performing oil drilling, within their boundaries and they acquired this through the knowledge transfer from the big wigs of the oil industry. So much of technology has ever since been transferred to foreign lands and also the man and machinery have very well seen the remotest places previously uninhabited by man.

But with the opening of the world markets through globalization, it had its own set of problems, for with it came the sense of foreign invasion into the social and cultural heritage of a country. This has ever since increased the geopolitical barriers and caused strain and a sense of ill feeling among the natives. When countries who were previously bitter enemies, started to acquire oil drilling rights in the lands that were close to the each other's boundaries tensions started to increase which resulted in conflicts. This has in several occasions led to unwanted clashes among people hailing from different cultures. Indeed there were some countries which believed that globalization, had resulted in the erosion of their cultural values and thought that their sovereignty has been put under question.

This in other sense affects the different multinational companies adversely, since they have to solve such crisis situations, which arise on the foreign soil. There have been very bad times indeed where the companies had to pay huge compensations for the manpower and land acquired for conducting their oil drilling operations. Hence it can very well be concluded that, all the things have not been so rosy due to globalization and there are still many types of bottlenecks that are still existent between several nations. As a result it is up to the companies to determine and achieve their goals in a foreign land, by tactfully taking into confidence the government and the citizens and abide by the policies and laws laid down in that land.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in rawalpindi and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Tips to Buying the Best Quality Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

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When it comes to safety in the workplace, you cannot afford to take risks, which is why you need to buy the best quality self-contained breathing apparatus that you can rely on and trust.

Where you buy the equipment is exceptionally important, as you want to ensure that you buy only the best to keep your team members safe at all times. In order to meet strict health and safety requirements, you need to ensure that you have the relevant procedures in place at all times. This can reduce the risk of accidents and in the event that a situation occurs, you have the relevant equipment and rescue teams to handle the problem quickly and effectively.

The first factor you are going to want to take into consideration when it comes to buying self-contained breathing apparatus is to ensure that you purchase from a reputable company. You want the company to have years of knowledge and experience in the industry and to focus on providing you with the best quality and service to help you meet the health and safety requirements each and every day.

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The company you use for your self-contained breathing apparatus should provide a reliable service. Try and choose a company that can offer you a complete turnkey service, helping you with every stage from implementing new systems to ensuring you have adequate equipment to training on how to use the equipment and more. This way you have complete peace of mind that in the event your team needs to use the equipment when in a serious situation, they know what to do and how it works.

Look at all the services provided by the self-contained breathing apparatus company. The company should be available to do repairs, calibrations, servicing and they should offer a comprehensive consultation service that you can rely on and trust. In addition to this, they should provide training, ensuring your staff have the training they need when they need it most.

Further, look at the products on offer. While you may only need self-contained breathing apparatus now, you may need further products that they provide in the future. This means that you don't have to go through this long process again, but simply pick up the phone and call the company to place your order.

The only way you will really know that the company you have chosen is the best of the best is to do your homework. In addition to learning as much as you can off their website, you will also want to go online and type their name into the search engine to go through the results. Many companies offer reviews on their website, but you don't want to rely on this alone. Rather read honest customer reviews you find on independent review sites and online forums to help you make your decision.

This one simple step, which will only take you a short time, can help you narrow down your search to find a company that you believe is going to provide you with the highest quality products, the best service and the best prices.

Of course price is going to play a role in your decision, but don't let price be your only deciding factor. Rather focus on quality, service and support than price alone. In many instances it's better to pay slightly more for a product you know is going to provide your team with years of safety.

The final step is to ensure the self-contained breathing apparatus comes with a good warranty to provide you with complete peace of mind when making your selection.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in islamabad and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic: What Are the Differences and What Is the Rock Cycle?

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As a kid, I had trouble remembering what an igneous rock was and how to visually distinguish one from the sedimentary or metamorphic kind. After teaching earth science for a few years, I've become pretty good at it and have come up with ways to remember who's who in the rock world.

Let's start off with the cycle

Current theory states that the earth has an inner core and an outer core. On top of the outer core is the biggest area called the mantle. The lithosphere, or the crust, floats on top of the mantle. The last layer is the atmosphere. The lithosphere, or crust, is broken up into plates called tectonic plates. Some of the plates spread apart from each other, and some of the mantle comes up into the lithosphere, hardens, and forms new crust. Some of the plates come together and parts of the plates are subducted back into the mantle.

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This forming of new crust and destruction of old crust is what powers the rock cycle, and creates the first type of rocks: igneous.

Igneous

Newly formed rocks are called igneous rocks. Igneous means "it came from fire." Igneous rocks are formed by cooling magma, or lava, which comes from the mantle of the earth.

There are two kinds of igneous rocks. Some of the rocks are formed and cooled under the earth. Others are formed on top of the earth and in contact with air.

Extrusive

Extrusive igneous rocks form on the surface of the earth's crust. Because they are on the crust, they cool quickly and are fine-grained. Crystals haven't had time to form. You can remember extrusive rocks because they extrude to the surface. Basalt is formed by the extrusive process.

Intrusive (plutonic)

Intrusive rocks cool below the surface, inside of the earth's crust. Since they're not exposed to air, they cool much slower than extrusive rocks. This slow cooling time gives crystals time to form and intrusive rocks have a coarser grain. Granite is formed by the intrusive process.

Sedimentary

Sedimentary rocks are formed by sedimentation, either in air or in water. This type of rock is known for it slayers. There are three types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, chemical, and organic.

Clastic sedimentary

When the igneous rocks make it up to the surface, they start to weather. Both chemical and mechanical weathering break down the rock into smaller rock and some dust. Clastic sedimentary rocks form when layers of other, broken down rocks compress together. Sandstone is a classic clastic sedimentary rock.

Organic sedimentary

These are created by living organisms such as coral and mollusks. Coal and oil shale are formed by the organic sedimentary process.

Chemical sedimentary

Chemical sedimentary rocks precipitate out of a supersaturated solution. Salt, gypsum, and limestone are created this way.

Metamorphic

Metamorphic rocks are formed by either sedimentary rocks or igneous rocks. The other rocks are subjected to intense pressure, heat, or chemical change and are changed into a new rock. Marble is a metamorphic rock.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in islamabad and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Hydrogen Sulfide Dangers to the Environment

Hydrogen Sulfide is dangerous to the environment, colorless, very poisonous, highly flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Heavier than air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential workers may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. 800 ppmv is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes exposure. This and more is explained in petroleum courses in rawalpindi islamabad lahore pakistan

This Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a common off-gas which is produced in the Steel and Mining industry. At even very low concentration levels H2S is considered a fatal gas. H2S is commonly reduced by thermal oxidation to SO2 and SO3 for possible usage in other plant processes or if not utilized for other applications may be removed by the use of a wet scrubber.

Many industrial engineers and H2S application specialist have been involved with oxidizer systems which have been used in the treatment of H2S and CS2 pollutants. Many, after being involved in many failed or sub-standard trials have devoted the time in research and product development to design and manufacture regenerative thermal oxidizers that works. RTO's is utilized to improve fuel efficiencies and to reduce NOX production that would come from a standard Direct-Fired ems.

Many steel and mining facilities are currently utilizing Direct-Fired systems and have recently realized that a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer would be a better piece of equipment when considering direct fired thermal oxidizers usage of fuel costs.

Many limiting factors have to be considered while designing the RTO system in petroleum courses in rawalpindi. Some considerations include; blocking any H2S from possible leakage from the regenerative thermal oxidizer system, leaking can cause premature degradation and drastically reduce the overall life of the equipment; blocking any possible fatal H2S gas to be emitted directly into the immediate atmosphere causing severe health and safety issues.

With the potential of high operating pressures, consideration should be given to the thickness of material and flow design. Many of the systems that have been installed had not taken into consideration of the high pressure which resulted in fractured welded seams emitting and exposure of high levels of H2S.

Design considerations should also be given to the type and metal thickness to obtain high outlet temperatures. These temperatures need to be above any possible condensation levels of by-products, this will reduce any formation of sulfuric acid within the exhaust system. With the high outlet temperatures the exhaust may be used to generate high pressure steam which may be used in steam operations or to power a turbine creating offset electricity.

Usually the stack or its inlet process line is normally equipped with sampling ports to allow periodic stack testing. In certain global areas regulations may also require continuous monitoring of SO2 emissions. The decision of whether or not to apply waste heat recovery to RTO system depends on plant size and utility costs. Economic evaluations comparing regenerative thermal oxidizers with and without waste heat recovery should be performed.

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