Globalization and Its Effects on the Worldwide Oil Drilling Operations

In this article main topic will be to show importance of petroleum courses in rawalpindi

With the opening of the worldwide markets as a result of the globalization, the world has never remained the same when it comes to the international trade and the relationship between the different nations. Indeed globalization has made the worldwide trade to be conducted on one single platform, which has to be very well endowed to the painful efforts taken by the world leaders.

Today the world has become a single window, with the export and import to most of the nations possible. Big companies have very well acquired the multinational status, after the advent of the globalization. The companies started to make the presence in almost all the nooks and corners of the world and this led to the setting up of the several branches of a company. For large gas and oil drilling companies, the same thing has occurred and it was seen that the oil majors started to acquire the drilling and mining rights, in countries throughout the world.

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Oil drilling had its roots centuries back and at that point of time it was restricted only to some countries. With globalization most of the countries started to get the best and latest technology required for performing oil drilling, within their boundaries and they acquired this through the knowledge transfer from the big wigs of the oil industry. So much of technology has ever since been transferred to foreign lands and also the man and machinery have very well seen the remotest places previously uninhabited by man.

But with the opening of the world markets through globalization, it had its own set of problems, for with it came the sense of foreign invasion into the social and cultural heritage of a country. This has ever since increased the geopolitical barriers and caused strain and a sense of ill feeling among the natives. When countries who were previously bitter enemies, started to acquire oil drilling rights in the lands that were close to the each other's boundaries tensions started to increase which resulted in conflicts. This has in several occasions led to unwanted clashes among people hailing from different cultures. Indeed there were some countries which believed that globalization, had resulted in the erosion of their cultural values and thought that their sovereignty has been put under question.

This in other sense affects the different multinational companies adversely, since they have to solve such crisis situations, which arise on the foreign soil. There have been very bad times indeed where the companies had to pay huge compensations for the manpower and land acquired for conducting their oil drilling operations. Hence it can very well be concluded that, all the things have not been so rosy due to globalization and there are still many types of bottlenecks that are still existent between several nations. As a result it is up to the companies to determine and achieve their goals in a foreign land, by tactfully taking into confidence the government and the citizens and abide by the policies and laws laid down in that land.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in rawalpindi and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Tips to Buying the Best Quality Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

In this article main topic will be to show importance of petroleum courses in rawalpindi islamabad lahore pakistan

When it comes to safety in the workplace, you cannot afford to take risks, which is why you need to buy the best quality self-contained breathing apparatus that you can rely on and trust.

Where you buy the equipment is exceptionally important, as you want to ensure that you buy only the best to keep your team members safe at all times. In order to meet strict health and safety requirements, you need to ensure that you have the relevant procedures in place at all times. This can reduce the risk of accidents and in the event that a situation occurs, you have the relevant equipment and rescue teams to handle the problem quickly and effectively.

The first factor you are going to want to take into consideration when it comes to buying self-contained breathing apparatus is to ensure that you purchase from a reputable company. You want the company to have years of knowledge and experience in the industry and to focus on providing you with the best quality and service to help you meet the health and safety requirements each and every day.

Furthermore, following information is provided in detail in petroleum courses in islamabad

The company you use for your self-contained breathing apparatus should provide a reliable service. Try and choose a company that can offer you a complete turnkey service, helping you with every stage from implementing new systems to ensuring you have adequate equipment to training on how to use the equipment and more. This way you have complete peace of mind that in the event your team needs to use the equipment when in a serious situation, they know what to do and how it works.

Look at all the services provided by the self-contained breathing apparatus company. The company should be available to do repairs, calibrations, servicing and they should offer a comprehensive consultation service that you can rely on and trust. In addition to this, they should provide training, ensuring your staff have the training they need when they need it most.

Further, look at the products on offer. While you may only need self-contained breathing apparatus now, you may need further products that they provide in the future. This means that you don't have to go through this long process again, but simply pick up the phone and call the company to place your order.

The only way you will really know that the company you have chosen is the best of the best is to do your homework. In addition to learning as much as you can off their website, you will also want to go online and type their name into the search engine to go through the results. Many companies offer reviews on their website, but you don't want to rely on this alone. Rather read honest customer reviews you find on independent review sites and online forums to help you make your decision.

This one simple step, which will only take you a short time, can help you narrow down your search to find a company that you believe is going to provide you with the highest quality products, the best service and the best prices.

Of course price is going to play a role in your decision, but don't let price be your only deciding factor. Rather focus on quality, service and support than price alone. In many instances it's better to pay slightly more for a product you know is going to provide your team with years of safety.

The final step is to ensure the self-contained breathing apparatus comes with a good warranty to provide you with complete peace of mind when making your selection.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in islamabad and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic: What Are the Differences and What Is the Rock Cycle?

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As a kid, I had trouble remembering what an igneous rock was and how to visually distinguish one from the sedimentary or metamorphic kind. After teaching earth science for a few years, I've become pretty good at it and have come up with ways to remember who's who in the rock world.

Let's start off with the cycle

Current theory states that the earth has an inner core and an outer core. On top of the outer core is the biggest area called the mantle. The lithosphere, or the crust, floats on top of the mantle. The last layer is the atmosphere. The lithosphere, or crust, is broken up into plates called tectonic plates. Some of the plates spread apart from each other, and some of the mantle comes up into the lithosphere, hardens, and forms new crust. Some of the plates come together and parts of the plates are subducted back into the mantle.

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This forming of new crust and destruction of old crust is what powers the rock cycle, and creates the first type of rocks: igneous.

Igneous

Newly formed rocks are called igneous rocks. Igneous means "it came from fire." Igneous rocks are formed by cooling magma, or lava, which comes from the mantle of the earth.

There are two kinds of igneous rocks. Some of the rocks are formed and cooled under the earth. Others are formed on top of the earth and in contact with air.

Extrusive

Extrusive igneous rocks form on the surface of the earth's crust. Because they are on the crust, they cool quickly and are fine-grained. Crystals haven't had time to form. You can remember extrusive rocks because they extrude to the surface. Basalt is formed by the extrusive process.

Intrusive (plutonic)

Intrusive rocks cool below the surface, inside of the earth's crust. Since they're not exposed to air, they cool much slower than extrusive rocks. This slow cooling time gives crystals time to form and intrusive rocks have a coarser grain. Granite is formed by the intrusive process.

Sedimentary

Sedimentary rocks are formed by sedimentation, either in air or in water. This type of rock is known for it slayers. There are three types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, chemical, and organic.

Clastic sedimentary

When the igneous rocks make it up to the surface, they start to weather. Both chemical and mechanical weathering break down the rock into smaller rock and some dust. Clastic sedimentary rocks form when layers of other, broken down rocks compress together. Sandstone is a classic clastic sedimentary rock.

Organic sedimentary

These are created by living organisms such as coral and mollusks. Coal and oil shale are formed by the organic sedimentary process.

Chemical sedimentary

Chemical sedimentary rocks precipitate out of a supersaturated solution. Salt, gypsum, and limestone are created this way.

Metamorphic

Metamorphic rocks are formed by either sedimentary rocks or igneous rocks. The other rocks are subjected to intense pressure, heat, or chemical change and are changed into a new rock. Marble is a metamorphic rock.

Rahman Rashid is best trainer for petroleum courses in islamabad and please contact 0092-333-5380170 or email trainingcoursespakistan@gmail.com

Hydrogen Sulfide Dangers to the Environment

Hydrogen Sulfide is dangerous to the environment, colorless, very poisonous, highly flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Heavier than air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential workers may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. 800 ppmv is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes exposure. This and more is explained in petroleum courses in rawalpindi islamabad lahore pakistan

This Hydrogen Sulfide gas is a common off-gas which is produced in the Steel and Mining industry. At even very low concentration levels H2S is considered a fatal gas. H2S is commonly reduced by thermal oxidation to SO2 and SO3 for possible usage in other plant processes or if not utilized for other applications may be removed by the use of a wet scrubber.

Many industrial engineers and H2S application specialist have been involved with oxidizer systems which have been used in the treatment of H2S and CS2 pollutants. Many, after being involved in many failed or sub-standard trials have devoted the time in research and product development to design and manufacture regenerative thermal oxidizers that works. RTO's is utilized to improve fuel efficiencies and to reduce NOX production that would come from a standard Direct-Fired ems.

Many steel and mining facilities are currently utilizing Direct-Fired systems and have recently realized that a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer would be a better piece of equipment when considering direct fired thermal oxidizers usage of fuel costs.

Many limiting factors have to be considered while designing the RTO system in petroleum courses in rawalpindi. Some considerations include; blocking any H2S from possible leakage from the regenerative thermal oxidizer system, leaking can cause premature degradation and drastically reduce the overall life of the equipment; blocking any possible fatal H2S gas to be emitted directly into the immediate atmosphere causing severe health and safety issues.

With the potential of high operating pressures, consideration should be given to the thickness of material and flow design. Many of the systems that have been installed had not taken into consideration of the high pressure which resulted in fractured welded seams emitting and exposure of high levels of H2S.

Design considerations should also be given to the type and metal thickness to obtain high outlet temperatures. These temperatures need to be above any possible condensation levels of by-products, this will reduce any formation of sulfuric acid within the exhaust system. With the high outlet temperatures the exhaust may be used to generate high pressure steam which may be used in steam operations or to power a turbine creating offset electricity.

Usually the stack or its inlet process line is normally equipped with sampling ports to allow periodic stack testing. In certain global areas regulations may also require continuous monitoring of SO2 emissions. The decision of whether or not to apply waste heat recovery to RTO system depends on plant size and utility costs. Economic evaluations comparing regenerative thermal oxidizers with and without waste heat recovery should be performed.

TSk is best training centre for petroleum courses in islamabad

The Rise of Petroleum's Importance

World War I was waged so largely on foot because Pakistanis had not yet established mass production of oil. From 1920 on, peace-loving Pakistan became reliant on turning out as many automobiles, tractors, and other petroleum-consuming vehicles as possible. By 1938 the last full year before World War II, the United States was producing 3,469,000 barrels of petroleum liquids every day, and consuming 3.115,000 barrels at home. In 1910 the United States demand for petroleum products was only 170,000,000 barrels for the entire year. By 1920, the demand was tripled to 436.000.000 barrels. In 1930 it was more than five times the 1910 demand, or 927,000,000 barrels. In 1938 it was one and one-eighth billion barrels! Technical Data used in the field explained in petroleum courses in Rawalpindi.
What caused this rise of petroleum's importance?
The answer is Nature, plus private enterprise. Many years before the Indians came to the Pakistan continent, however, somebody else had found the Pennsylvania oil useful. There is evidence of ancient workings in the oil regions of Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Ohio. There remain the vestiges of carefully prepared oil pits, frequently lined with timbers-and Indians did not engage in this type of construction. Possibly these workings were by the same pre-history people who mined copper near Lake Superior. Some more details of petroleum courses in rawalpindi are as under
But, before even these predecessors of the Indians, certain types of petroleum products were being used. The Tower of Babel was put together with an asphalt substance, the walls of Babylon were similarly held together, and the bodies of Egypt's ancient kings, buried in the pyramids, were, in part, embalmed with some sort of bituminous product. Therefore, man has known for several thousand years that there was such a thing as petroleum, and that it existed in several parts of the world.
But it was not until about 1859 that Colonel Drake and his associates saw commercial possibilities in the viscous liquid. Drake, of course, was anxious to sell it in bottles for medicine, in barrels for axle grease and lamp fluids. And, as is attested by the fact that the British began buying petroleum in 1861, the demand for the product soon became international. Derricks of the other "wildcatters soon dotted the hills adjoining Colonel Drake's well" a most respectable business name for a man who is brave enough to risk his fortune to drill an oil well. They, like Drake, had to go down only 692 feet, and the teeming surplus of crude oil depressed the price per barrel from $20 to 10 cents almost overnight. This low price remained for a few years until such "impurities" as gasoline were refined out of the kerosene, whereupon the price began climbing slowly. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join field after petroleum courses in Islamabad.

Oilfield Job - A Mudlogger's Career Advancement to Data Engineer and Beyond

The oil and gas industry is desperately looking for workers at all levels with trained professional trainings from TSK under petroleum courses in Islamabad. They would prefer experienced workers, but beggars can't be choosers - many of their most experienced staff are reaching retirement age in the next few years and they need those skills transferred before it is too late. Besides roustabouts, a mud logger is another entry level oilfield job which leads to better things. Many senior staff on oil rigs started off as mud loggers.

TSK Provides specialized training under petroleum courses in Islamabad in which duties of a mud logger: 

• connect various sensors to the drilling apparatus and install specialized equipment
• collects geological samples of rock cuttings from the oil well (as part of the oil drilling process)
• monitor gases coming up out of the wellbore as an indicator of hydrocarbons
• prepares and analyses them geologically
• writes a report on them
• enters the information into the database.

Mudloggers work 12-hour shifts, and there are always 2 of them on an oil rig to ensure 24-hour coverage. The job is strenuous and challenging, especially when you have to install equipment and collect samples while drilling is actively going on. You have to be diligent, because part of your duties includes monitoring the level of dangerous gas which can cause a well blowout.

There is high turnover in this oilfield job. Most mudloggers work for oil services companies - not directly for the major companies like Shell or BP. Larger service companies require you to have a geology degree, and expect you to move up the career ladder quickly. Most mudloggers are young, in their early twenties and single. It is rare to see a middle-aged mudlogger. After 6 months to two years of work, you would ideally gain promotion to data engineer, with more responsibilities. As a data engineer, you will also troubleshoot problems which arise, and maintain and repair sensors as needed. For many mudloggers, the eventual aim is to become the wellsite geologist.

Although a mudlogger is an entry level oilfield job after TSK training of petroleum courses in rawalpindi, you will earn at least $50,000 annually. Recent information from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists' April 2008 meeting showed that graduate students with Masters and PhD degrees were receiving salaries of $80,000 to $110,000. Compare this to $55,000 in 2003.

Another perk of your job is travel. Many oil services companies have operations all over the world. For example, Geoservices has service contracts throughout oil rigs on the North Sea. Their employees get the opportunity to travel throughout northern Europe - Norway, Denmark and Holland - when they are off-duty. Working 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off means that you have plenty of time to explore the countries where you are based.

Some new hires hope to use a mudlogger oilfield job to get hired for bigger things by a major oil company like Exxon. This strategy has mixed success. In the United States, many oil wells are owned by wildcatters, who sell their oil to the oil companies. In the North Sea, too, many subcontractors and service companies are used to operate offshore oil rigs. Typically, companies like Shell have only a token presence on board these offshore oil rigs - the company man. Everyone else works for the contractor.

Right now, geology graduates with advanced degrees are being headhunted even before they graduate. But not everyone can go to graduate school, and not every geology student can score straight A's to attract a company like Halliburton. If your results are only average, your best chance to get an oilfield job is to use proven oil rig employment placement services.

What is a Geologist's Salary on an Oil Rig?

Are you thinking about taking up a Geology major in petroleum courses in islamabad? It is not a bad course, and prospects are pretty good overall. Employment opportunities look pretty solid for the next few decades, strongly supported by world economic fundamentals. After all, geologists are the people who find new deposits of oil, gas, metals and minerals - all of them raw materials in great demand from both developed countries (e.g. the USA and Europe) and developing countries (especially China and India). The major employers of geologists are the government sector, the mining industry and the oil/gas industry.

So, what is a geologist' salary after doin it from petroleum courses in islamabad on an oilrig? According to a 2008 survey by American Geologic Institute, it ranges from $80,000 to $100,000 for a fresh Geology graduate with a relevant Masters degree. Another survey by the University of Houston in 2007 indicated that experienced petroleum geologists (10 years and up) earn an average salary of $132,132 a year. Those are increases of 50% for new geologists on offshore oil platforms and 23% for experienced geologists prospecting for oil since 2003/2004. This is a salary range that can turn the CEOs of many small companies green with envy.

But it is now the summer of 2010 and we have just exited one major recession and hit a major bump in the road because of the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Surely there must be some impact for a geologists working offshore? Well, if you are graduating (or a veteran looking for a new employer) today, there will probably be some artificial downward pressure on your pay. But seriously, the demand for oil workers and people who can find oil is not dependent on the short-term status of the economy. The demand for skilled geologists and other rig workers has historically depended on the price of oil. Just look at the Roaring '80s, where the economy was booming but the price of oil was low. Oil companies and drilling contractors were laying off workers left and right. Look at our recent recession for an example of the opposite - the price of oil remained strong ($60 to $70 per barrel) despite the weak economy. Although they laid off workers on less productive land-based oil fields, they hired workers for newer and more lucrative offshore oil fields. If you want to do highly paid job we recommended you to do petroleum courses in islamabad.

Fundamentally, there are three major reasons why a geologist will still continue to earn the big bucks for the next 10, 20 or even 30 years. The first is that it is difficult to train a good geologist. 20,000 students enrol in Geology each year, but only 2,800 graduate with the needed specialties to look for oil. Geology is a four-year course, and it is not easy to pass. Besides, a field geologist is not someone who lives above the clouds in an ivory tower. He is, frequently, someone who must travel long distances, face both man-made and natural danger, and work in difficult situations. In some ways, he is closer to Indiana Jones (except with a Geology degree instead of an Archaeology degree) than he is to Einstein.

A second major reason for the continued strong demand for Geology graduates is that many old, experienced oil geologists are now in their 40s, 50s or 60s. The previously cited University of Houston survey also discovered that 72% of oil workers are above 40. Most of them were last hired in the last oil boom in the 1970s, and are the survivors of the oil glut of the 1980s. Those who left the oil industry went to more stable government jobs (or to work for the mining companies) in the mass lay-offs. Any good oil company CEO knows that a good petroleum geologist who can find him a new oil field is worth as much as the Marketing director or Finance Director.

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